SUMO1 and echinococcosis: Our immunohistochemical results showed that in the lesion microenvironment of patients with cystic hepatic echinococcosis and infected mice, the expression of key molecules SUMO1, Ubc9 and SENP1 in the SUMOylation pathway was abnormal, suggesting that the imbalance of SUMOylation modification is a characteristic pathological event in the fibrotic microenvironment of hepatic echinococcosis.