More generally, failure to maintain ion homeostasis can lead to aging-related diseases, including channelopathies in cancer (Pi et al., 2007; Prevarskaya et al., 2018), defects in insulin signaling (De Marchi et al., 2021), Alzheimer’s disease (Song et al., 2024), and Parkinson’s disease (Zhuang et al., 2024). Here, INS is linked to Alzheimer disease.