ALB and Hypoalbuminemia: The twofold increase in the odds of complications associated with hypoalbuminemia (<3.5 g/dL) reflects its role as a critical predictor of surgical risk [15]. Similarly, Wilson et al. reported a fourfold increase in complications (OR: 4.88, 95% CI: 2.47-9.66) and a ninefold increase in mortality (OR: 9.23, 95% CI: 1.55-54.87) among orthopedic patients with albumin <3.5 g/dL [14].