MTHFR and type 2 diabetes mellitus: All patients were evaluated for the presence of risk factors associated with obstetric complications and poor gestational outcomes, including hereditary thrombophilia, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders.<h4>Results</h4>GER was present in 7.59% (17/224) of women, and 35.3% (6/17) of GER-positive cases had gastritis and/or chronic peptic ulcer disease.