Expression of Klf5, Nox4, PKCδ, Bcl2, Bak1, Il6 and Igfbp7 was significantly upregulated in untreated TAC mice, but was markedly downregulated in NC114-treated TAC mice at both 1 week and 4 weeks post-TAC. Here, KLF5 is linked to persistent truncus arteriosus.