HTR1A and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Additionally, antagonism of the central 5-HT1a receptor can lead to reduced fatigue and thermogenesis.485,495 Espindolol, a novel nonselective β-blocker, has multiple effects on the aforementioned three pharmacological targets.485 It markedly reversed weight loss, enhanced fat-free mass, preserved fat mass, and augmented handgrip strength in advanced NSCLC patients and CRC-related cachexia patients in an ACT-ONE trial.485,496 VT-122, another β2-adrenergic agonist for NSCLC, is in progress (NCT00527319).