INS and cancer: Osteoblast/osteocyte-derived Connexin43 modulates muscle growth and function, potentially via an endocrine effect of the undercarboxylated isoform of osteocalcin.145 Additionally, RANKL inhibitors and osteoprotegerin antagonists synergistically regulate muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake.146 These findings should inspire further investigations to explore treatments for muscle diseases characterized by elevated muscle wasting, including cancer cachexia.