AKT1 and Cachexia: Furthermore, it counteracts cachexia-induced muscle atrophy by modulating pathways such as the Akt/mTOR/Foxo3a and Fbox32/Trim63 pathways.265 Microbiome-derived SCFAs can induce IL-22 production in CD4+ T cells and innate lymphoid cells by enhancing HIF-1α binding to the Il-22 promoter via histone modification, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis.266