GSK3B and neoplasm: Specifically, Zhou et al. reported that acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2 promotes muscle wasting in pancreatic cancer patients through the GSK3β/TRAIL signaling pathway and augments tumor cell macropinocytosis, a vital mechanism for amino acid supply.102 This dual mechanism creates a vicious cycle: muscle wasting supplies tumors with essential nutrients via paracrine signaling and direct metabolic coupling, while tumor-secreted factors further exacerbate muscle catabolism.