AKT1 and Cachexia: The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, angiogenic responses, metabolic homeostasis, and the generation of muscle and fat tissue.401 This pathway is modulated by multiple signals, and in patients with cachexia, the PI3K/Akt pathway is modulated primarily by the HPA axis.