TLR4 and injury: In vitro, 80 μmol/L Mizoribine markedly attenuated microglial activation and pyroptosis, downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mitigated neuroinflammation. The upregulation of HSP60 after SAH promotes NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by activating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inducing microglial pyroptosis and exacerbating the progression of early brain injury.