GH1 and depressive symptom measurement: To examine the role of astrocytic GLT-1 in depression, GLT-1 cKO (GLT-1-) mice were generated by co-injecting pAAV.GFAP.Cre.WPRE.hGH and pAAV2.pX552ch-sgSlc1a2 into CRISPR/CAS9-EGFP mice (Fig. 1N).