Conversely, in the HSPD1 overexpression model, initial tumor formation occurred earlier, first observed on day 10 (designated as day 0), and overexpression of HSPD1 significantly accelerated in vivo tumor growth (Fig. S3I-K). Collectively, these in vivo findings demonstrated that knockdown of HSPD1 attenuated while its overexpression promoted 22Rv1 PCa cell proliferation in xenograft models. Here, HSPD1 is linked to neoplasm.