In addition to TSC2, we found 48 other genes with mutations present in chimpanzee and both human HCC datasets, including TTN, FAT4, TP53, SPEN, LRP1B, and STAG1 (Fig. 4; Table 2; the full list of overlapping mutant genes is provided in Supplementary Table S12). Here, SPEN is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.