Cytokines activate endothelial cells, increasing vascular permeability and upregulating adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) to recruit more leukocytes to the site of infection/injury [61–63] and stimulate the release of chemokines, which amplify the recruitment and activation of additional innate immune cells [64, 65]. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and infection.