TNFSF11 and osteoporosis: Another promising therapeutic is denosumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets RANK Ligand (RANKL)—a key regulator of osteoclast differentiation and activity.117 By blocking RANKL-RANK interactions, denosumab effectively inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.118 Although primarily used in the treatment of osteoporosis,119 its application in nonunion cases is gaining attention, particularly where excessive or dysregulated bone resorption impairs healing.