MT-RNR2 and breast carcinoma: Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) with reported cytoprotective properties, has been implicated in cancer biology and may play a role in breast cancer pathogenesis.<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 75 female patients with primary non-metastatic breast cancer and 70 age-matched healthy controls of comparable age were enrolled in this study.