HSPG2 and neoplasm: Monitoring bilirubin levels allows for an indirect assessment of YGJ’s effect on liver metabolism and excretion.[11] Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is an embryonic protein that is very slightly expressed in adult livers and acts as a particular biomarker for PLC, with levels correlated to tumor growth or therapy response.[12] In TCM, liver cancer growth is connected to liver malfunction, qi stagnation, and blood stasis.