GRP and neoplasm: As the precursor of GRP, ProGRP exhibits a longer half-life and greater stability.[18] Elevated ProGRP expression correlates with enhanced inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment, potentially amplifying postoperative inflammatory reactions through the release of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, prostaglandin E2, etc), which may directly stimulate nociceptive nerve endings.[19] Elevated RDW may indicate anemia or chronic inflammatory states.