GLS2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: The increased expression of GLS2 may contribute to altered cellular metabolism and other mechanisms involved in cancer progression, ultimately leading to enhanced metastatic potential in ESCC.[92] As an RNA binding protein, cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein-1 (Caprin-1) participates in a wide range of biological and physiological processes, such as cell proliferation, RNA modification, and the immune response.