Recently, Patterson et al.’s [90] study showed that both infection and vaccination can result in the persistence of the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike in CD16+ monocytes, sustaining inflammation in both PASC and PCVS through vascular pathways with the upregulation of IL-1, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in endothelial cells. Here, TNF is linked to infection.