Significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte macrophage-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), keratinocytes-derived chemokine (KC), and interferon γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) were detected in WT DCM mice compared to CX3CR1-deficient DCM mice at 5 weeks post-DCM (Figure 5A–D). Here, CX3CR1 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.