Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that FWT intervention significantly remodeled cellular heterogeneity in colitis-afflicted mice, with unsupervised clustering identifying 15 functionally distinct subpopulations characterized by cluster-specific enrichment of key marker genes: carbonic anhydrase 1, (CAR1, encoding carbonic anhydrase 1) was enriched in cluster 7, while complement factor D (CFD, an inflammatory response biomarker) exhibited marked upregulation in cluster 14. Here, CFD is linked to colitis.