To address this gap, the present review is based on a comprehensive and critical evaluation of peer-reviewed studies retrieved primarily from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases using combinations of keywords including “Parkinson’s disease,” “NLRP3 inflammasome,” “mitophagy,” “autophagy,” “neuroinflammation,” “microglia,” and “mitochondrial dysfunction.” The review focuses mainly on studies published in English between 2015 and 2025, with inclusion of seminal earlier works where necessary to provide historical and mechanistic context. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is Parkinson disease.