VEGFA and Atrophy: Altinoz and Korkmaz postulated that acetaminophen may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer through specific mechanisms: suppression of NF-kappa B activity, which may subsequently decrease transcription of growth factors (e.g., COX-2, VEGF, IL-8/CXCL8), which are shown to be elevated in ovarian carcinoma, and induction of characteristic reproductive atrophy due to the presence of a sex steroid-like phenolic ring [102].