CXCR3 and cancer: In contrast, a more complex, multi-cellular cascade dependent on the CXCL10–CXCR3 axis has been described in melanoma [72] and breast [141] cancer, where it orchestrates a JNK/IL-1–mediated inflammatory and immunosuppressive niche through the intermediary activity of alveolar macrophages or lung-resident fibroblasts.