INS and Insulin resistance: As previously discussed, miR-34a plays a pivotal role in glucose metabolism, influencing not only within the AT, but also on visceral fat accumulation and hepatic processes by targeting genes such as SIRT1, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), and ENO3, effectively implicated in high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance (IR), where overexpression of hepatic miR-34a lowered insulin signaling and altered glucose metabolism [43].