PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In advanced NSCLC, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab) have demonstrated superiority over conventional chemotherapy in multiple pivotal phase III trials and are now established as standard first-line or subsequent-line regimens for patients without driver mutations [1].