IGF1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Verification experiments targeting the pathway showed that BLM treatment significantly upregulated the expression of IGF1, phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) (Figure 7A–F), confirming that the IGF1/PI3K-AKT pathway was abnormally activated in the IPF model.