MMP9 and cancer: Based on gene expression, the results of this study provide clear empirical evidence that sacha inchi shell extract can exert an anti-migration and anti-invasion effect on colon cancer cells through upregulating the levels of proteins involved in invasion and cancer cell transformation, especially MMP proteins, namely MMP2 and MMP9; these have an important role in the degradation of the ECM, which is an initial step in cancer cell metastasis [69,70].