Moreover, natural exosome-like nanoparticles from mung bean sprout juice reduce oxidative stress levels in liver tissue by upregulating GLUT4 and the Nrf2 pathway and related antioxidant enzymes, such as HO-1 and SOD, and downregulating GSK-3β via dose-dependent and time-dependent activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in T2DM animal models [63]. Here, AKT1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.