These nutrients, including polyphenols, vitamins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and triterpenoids, are plant secondary metabolites widely distributed in various parts of plants that modulate and upregulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway and stress resilience proteins to preserve cellular redox homeostasis during MNP-induced damage and mitigate the risk of developing pathological processes like T2DM and AD [22]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.