IGFBP4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In NSCLC patient tumors, several key mediators of GH signaling [46,47] are upregulated, including IGF1; IGF1-binding proteins (IGFBP4, IGFBP5, IGFBP6, and IGFBP7); Janus kinases (JAK1 and JAK2); signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3 and STAT5); protein kinase B (AKT); mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); members of the suppressor of cytokine signaling family (SOCS2, PTPNs, and CISH); and SRC family kinases (BLK and FYN) (Figure 2A).