TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Genes associated with the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway—TGFB1, TGFB2, TGFB3, TGFBR1, and TGFBR2—were also significantly upregulated in male and female NSCLC patients with high GHR expression (Figure 4B).