Mechanistically, GH action activates several oncogenic signaling cascades in NSCLC, including the JAK2/STAT5/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK/ERK pathways [64,65], which enhance tumor cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance in many cancers [7,8,14,56]. Here, AKT1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.