SERPINE1 and myocardial infarction: As a pivotal biomarker, PAI-1 contributes substantially to the elevated risk of cardiovascular events by promoting a hypofibrinolytic state and facilitating pathological thrombus formation [35].Clinically, epidemiological evidence from the Framingham Heart Study and other cohorts has established that elevated plasma PAI-1 levels are strongly associated with and serve as an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and myocardial infarction in humans [62].