Moreover, in the absence of pathological insult, progranulin deficiency has been shown to enhance age-dependent cardiac hypertrophy as reported for 18-month-old mice via a mechanism involving complement C1q and activated β-catenin protein expression [222], key components of the wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signalling pathway, which can contribute to cardiac hypertrophy [223]. Here, GRN is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.