NAMPT and cardiac hypertrophy: This has been strongly suggested in a study using mice subjected to thoracic aortic banding, i.e., pressure overload, where it was shown that endogenous visfatin protects the heart in this model, although its cardiac-specific overexpression enhances myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis, and mitochondrial energy dysfunction and reduces cardiac function as assessed by echocardiography [128].