SOD1 and diabetes mellitus: Presumably, the mechanism for realizing the antidiabetic effect in alloxan-induced diabetes is the high immunomodulatory activity of HS (they prevent the infiltration of activated macrophages and lymphocytes into the inflammatory site, which are sources of cytotoxic oxygen radicals), and in streptozocin-induced diabetes, it is the ability to increase SOD activity in the β-islet cells of the pancreas.