APOA1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In addition, children and adolescents with obesity have significantly lower concentrations of HDL-c, apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations, and higher inflammatory markers [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and ferritin] compared with their overweight or normal BMI counterparts.