TNF and colitis: Results: In the colitis group, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibition rate, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6, mucosal damage, and cell infiltration scores were higher than in the control group, while catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were lower.