FAS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Similarly to our findings, a previous Chinese cohort study that included 1938 pregnancies found that, compared to women with a pre-pregnancy BMI < 25 kg/m2 who did not take FAS, women with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity who took FAS daily in early pregnancy exhibited a higher risk of GDM (aOR 5.63) [39].