FAS and gestational diabetes: In multivariate analyses with confounder adjustments, the association of mid-FAS with risk of GDM was marginally significant [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.08, 95% CI 0.99, 1.17; p = 0.09], whereas its association with lower risks of GHDs (aRR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74, 0.96) and pre-eclampsia (aRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67, 0.97) persisted (Table 2).