HMOX1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: APE treatment dose-dependently reduced these elevated mRNA levels, with the most significant reductions observed in the APE 100 group (4.52 ± 0.42-fold for Hmox1, 3.66 ± 1.11-fold for Cybb, 6.91 ± 0.03-fold for Ncf1, 1.29 ± 0.11-fold for Nqo1; all p < 0.001 versus the NASH group; Figure 13a–d).