TNF and Obesity: Obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), in addition to chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [7,8].