They sense infection via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) such as TLR3, TLR4, and cytosolic DNA sensors, activating antiviral pathways including stimulator of interferon genes (STING)–TBK1–Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling [17,18,19]. The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is infection.