CNND1 and CTNNB1, the core downstream effectors promoting HF formation and development [32], both exhibited significantly downregulated mRNA expression following TGFBR1 overexpression, suggesting TGFBR1 influences Wnt/β-catenin signaling by suppressing downstream gene expression, thereby affecting DPC proliferation. The gene discussed is CTNNB1; the disease is hydrops fetalis.