PTEN and breast cancer: Thus, this study represents the first investigation to elucidate the inhibitory mechanisms of PCa mediated by A3C, though A3C’s tumor-suppressive potential has been suggested in other cancers: in gastric cancer, CagA overexpression downregulated both A3C and the tumor suppressor PTEN [25]; in breast cancer, the tumor-suppressive lncRNA GAS5 and its target A3C were both downregulated in tumor tissues [26].