Functional enrichment analysis revealed that A3C-related differentially expressed genes were enriched in the Jak-Stat pathway (enhanced Jak-Stat signaling is associated with PCa drug resistance [27]), PI3K-AKT pathway (activation promotes PCa cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis [28]), and immune-related pathways such as the NOD-like receptor pathway, supporting A3C as an immune-related gene in PCa. Here, APOBEC3C is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.