HIF1A and neoplasm: Moreover, significant downregulation of HIF-1α expression in 4T1 syngrafts in 2-ANPC-treated mice correlated with a substantial reduction in the expression of VEGFR1 and 3, thereby illustrating that inhibition of HIF-1α signaling as a secondary anti-tumor mechanism of 2-ANPC, supplementing its potent cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities in vivo.