Serum NOTCH3-ECD distinguished IPAH from non-PH for both women and men in the cross-sectional combined cohort (Extended Data Fig. 6a), with similar efficacy (women: AUC: 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.98); men: AUC: 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93–0.98)) (Extended Data Fig. 6b,c). This evidence concerns the gene NOTCH3 and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.