Given the crucial role of S100A8/A9 in the development of cervical cancer (Fig. 3I–J, Supplementary Fig. 3E), and the observeved effect of targeting S1P/S1PRs in down-regulating S100A8/A9 expression and reversing HPV-KI-induced malignant transformation, we next asked whether targeting S1P/S1PRs could modulate the tumor development in cervical cancer, as found in HPV-KI cells. Here, S100A8 is linked to neoplasm.