CSF2 and neoplasm: Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), a genetically modified herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), is designed to selectively lyse tumor cells and produce human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for activation of antigen-presenting cells as well as induction of tumor-specific T-cell responses [13, 14].