In tumor tissues established in vivo, the levels of CCL2 and GM-CSF were also significantly up-regulated in N4BP1-deficient tumors compared to controls, as examined by RT-PCR, western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) (Figs. 5D–F and S3D). Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.