In patients with myocardial infarction, HAAPIR enhances the acetylation of the transcription factor EC (Tfec) mRNA transcript via N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) mediated by N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), thereby increasing Tfec mRNA stability and translation, and promoting the TFEC–BIK pathway to drive cardiomyocyte apoptosis [195] (Fig. 5A, Top left). Here, NAT10 is linked to myocardial infarction.