In our investigation, the elevated expression levels of ANLN (Fig. 1G), VIRMA (Supplementary Fig. S5D), and IGF2BP3 (Supplementary Fig. S5E) indicated a poor prognosis of ICC patients, and the combination of elevated ANLN alongside VIRMA or IGF2BP3 was significantly associated with a deteriorating disease-free survival (DFS) in those ICC patients (Fig. 3K). Here, ANLN is linked to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.