TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: As hypothesized, co-treatment with IMP and either inhibitor substantially abrogated IMP’s ameliorative effects on LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation, histopathological damage, and oxidative stress in ALI mice, as evidenced by elevated inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and total protein concentration in BALF (Fig. 8B, C), histopathological manifestations of alveolar collapse and thickened septal walls (Fig. 8D), and excessive ROS accumulation in lung tissue (Fig. 8E).