Moreover, microgravity has been observed to influence the apoptotic pathways in melanoma cells by suppressing the Uev1A/TICAM/TRAF/NF-κB-regulated anti-apoptosis and p53/PCNA- and ATM/ATR-Chk1/2-controlled DNA-damage response pathways, further supporting its role in promoting apoptosis in cancer cells [37]. The gene discussed is ATR; the disease is melanoma.