Conversely, other patient-series and marker-based analyses report that high LC3 and/or beclin-1 (often alongside p62/SQSTM1) correlates with shorter progression-free or overall survival, consistent with an interpretation that active autophagy can function as a stress-adaptive, cytoprotective programme supporting tumour maintenance [103,104,105]. This evidence concerns the gene SQSTM1 and neoplasm.