BCL2 and glioblastoma: This review highlights the crucial role of the Bcl-2:beclin-1 complex in controlling apoptosis–autophagy axis in GBM, emphasising how survival signalling networks, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, and PLCγ1/PKC pathways regulated by the TrkB receptor, modulate this balance.