Collagen and calcium-binding EGF domain-1 (CCBE1) derived from CAFs and cancer cells promotes tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis via enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) proteolysis and maturation, but it is negatively regulated by TGF-β signaling in colorectal cancer [17]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.