GPT and injury: Among the isolated compounds, HF exhibited the most pronounced hepatoprotective activity in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury rat model, significantly reducing serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT, also known as serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, also known as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), and total bilirubin to levels comparable with the standard hepatoprotective agent silymarin.